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Flash pasteurization
Flash pasteurization, also called "high-temperature short-time" (HTST) processing, is a method of heat pasteurization of perishable beverages like fruit and vegetable juices, beer, kosher wine, and some dairy products such as milk. Compared with other pasteurization processes, it maintains color and flavor better, but some cheeses were found to have varying responses to the process.〔(The Effects of Flash Pasteurization of Milk upon the Flavor and Texture of Cheddar Cheese )〕
Flash pasteurization is performed to kill spoilage microorganisms prior to filling containers, in order to make the products safer and to extend their shelf life compared to the unpasteurised foodstuff. For example, one manufacturer gives the shelf life of its pasteurized milk as 12 months.〔(IDD Process & Packaging: Flash and Ultra Flash Pasteurization Facts )〕 It must be used in conjunction with sterile fill technology (similar to aseptic processing) to prevent post-pasteurization contamination.
The liquid moves in a controlled, continuous flow while subjected to temperatures of 71.5 °C (160 °F) to 74 °C (165 °F), for about 15 to 30 seconds.
The standard US protocol for flash pasteurization of milk, 71.7 °C (161 °F) for 15 seconds in order to kill Coxiella burnetii (the most heat-resistant pathogenic germ found in raw milk), was introduced in 1933, and results in five "log reduction value" (99.999%) or greater reduction in harmful bacteria. An early adopter of pasteurization was Tropicana Products, which has used the method since the 1950s.〔(press release ), 10 December 1996〕 The juice company Odwalla switched from non-pasteurized to flash-pasteurized juices in 1996 after tainted unpasteurized apple juice containing ''E. coli'' O157:H7 sickened many children and killed one.〔(Questions of Pasteurization Raised After E. Coli Is Traced to Juice ), ''The New York Times'', 4 November 1996〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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